CIA triad

The CIA triad is a security model designed to protect (digital) information. CIA stands for:

The goal of Confidentiality is restricting accessibility to information. This can be achieved by encrypting information, authentication mechanisms and access controls.

Integrity guarantees that the information will not be modified undesirable. (Immutability of information). Methods to keep integrity are storing the information multiple times, checksums that prove that data has been modified and digital signatures.

Availability ensures that the information is always accessible to the people that are privileged to do so. This can be achieved by load-balancing and recoveries.